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        "A_req": 2.255657137207977,
        "v_min": 13.183183298672883
      },
      {
        "Q": 56.10092271509818,
        "A_req": 2.36087143722519,
        "v_min": 13.964336018814272
      },
      {
        "Q": 62.94627058970838,
        "A_req": 2.4723200764603437,
        "v_min": 14.79177494755641
      },
      {
        "Q": 70.6268772311377,
        "A_req": 2.5903724627361195,
        "v_min": 15.66824271518322
      },
      {
        "Q": 79.24465962305567,
        "A_req": 2.7154198926648037,
        "v_min": 16.596644463039745
      },
      {
        "Q": 88.91397050194614,
        "A_req": 2.847876848640609,
        "v_min": 17.58005747291788
      },
      {
        "Q": 99.763115748444,
        "A_req": 2.988182372683625,
        "v_min": 18.621741367019098
      }
    ]
  },
  "real_fish": {
    "Q": 46.39029003783102,
    "Qc_ml_s": 0.0656,
    "A0": 0.0362459563363096
  },
  "tff": {
    "label": "HYPOTHETICAL truly-flying fish, TFF v2 (co-design map)",
    "hypothetical": true,
    "mass_kg": {
      "value": 0.06,
      "kind": "measured (real specimen)",
      "note": "kept; the map is for this body"
    },
    "wing_loading_N_m2": {
      "value": 12.0,
      "kind": "hypothetical",
      "note": "inside bat range 6.5-14.25 (comparison-data.csv); lifting area 0.0491 m2, 3.9x the real reference area"
    },
    "muscle": {
      "type": "aerobic (red) flight muscle",
      "fraction": 0.16,
      "kind": "hypothetical",
      "note": "as v1; muscle power is not the binding constraint once O2 delivery is set (chain red muscle 134 W/kg at 20 C, scup): 0.16 x 0.06 kg x 184 W/kg at 25 C = 1.8 W > A_tff"
    },
    "aerobic_capacity_W": {
      "value": 1.3069147050922676,
      "kind": "hypothetical",
      "note": "eta E Qc C_a(0); 1.1 x the requirement at the target altitude"
    },
    "required_eta_Qc_Ca_product_W": {
      "value": 0.06757573449287836,
      "unit": "ml O2 per s times eta",
      "note": "eta Q C_a = A / E"
    },
    "cardiac_output_ml_s_at_fish_Ca": {
      "value": 2.365328806848686,
      "per_kg_ml_min": 2365.328806848686,
      "kind": "hypothetical",
      "note": "what delivers A_tff with the chain eta 0.15 and trout-curve C_a; compare the chain fish maximum 65.6 ml/min/kg (snapper) and the real-fish value used by Lean, 0.0656 ml/s"
    },
    "air_breathing_surface": {
      "required_O2_uptake_ml_s_in_air": 0.45050489661918913,
      "required_O2_uptake_ml_min_kg": 450.50489661918914,
      "surface_area_m2": null,
      "kind": "hypothetical",
      "note": "gills do not ventilate in air (chain); a surface area needs a diffusing capacity per m2; the logged search epmc-lung-diffusing returned no fetched value for an air-breathing fish or a bat lung, so the area is NOT computable and is stated as a required uptake rate only"
    },
    "target_altitude_m": {
      "value": 1000,
      "kind": "chosen",
      "justification": "Tadarida brasiliensis forages at altitudes of over 1 km above ground (PMC5180116, 10.1098/rsos.160398), the one non-bird altitude reference fetched; no bird altitude is used"
    },
    "ceiling_m": {
      "value": 2740.9224974310064,
      "kind": "derived",
      "note": "highest altitude at which eta E Qc C_a(h) >= A_req(h, Q) with PaO2 = PiO2 (assumed, upper bound) and the troposphere fit"
    }
  },
  "ceiling_table": [
    {
      "Q": 8,
      "Qc_ml_s": 0.0656,
      "ceiling_m": null
    },
    {
      "Q": 8,
      "Qc_ml_s": 0.5,
      "ceiling_m": null
    },
    {
      "Q": 8,
      "Qc_ml_s": 1.0,
      "ceiling_m": null
    },
    {
      "Q": 8,
      "Qc_ml_s": 2.0,
      "ceiling_m": 1708.029210178978
    },
    {
      "Q": 8,
      "Qc_ml_s": 4.0,
      "ceiling_m": 10953.354509326262
    },
    {
      "Q": 12,
      "Qc_ml_s": 0.0656,
      "ceiling_m": null
    },
    {
      "Q": 12,
      "Qc_ml_s": 0.5,
      "ceiling_m": null
    },
    {
      "Q": 12,
      "Qc_ml_s": 1.0,
      "ceiling_m": null
    },
    {
      "Q": 12,
      "Qc_ml_s": 2.0,
      "ceiling_m": null
    },
    {
      "Q": 12,
      "Qc_ml_s": 4.0,
      "ceiling_m": 9741.894096805681
    },
    {
      "Q": 20,
      "Qc_ml_s": 0.0656,
      "ceiling_m": null
    },
    {
      "Q": 20,
      "Qc_ml_s": 0.5,
      "ceiling_m": null
    },
    {
      "Q": 20,
      "Qc_ml_s": 1.0,
      "ceiling_m": null
    },
    {
      "Q": 20,
      "Qc_ml_s": 2.0,
      "ceiling_m": null
    },
    {
      "Q": 20,
      "Qc_ml_s": 4.0,
      "ceiling_m": 7890.776246192021
    },
    {
      "Q": 46.4,
      "Qc_ml_s": 0.0656,
      "ceiling_m": null
    },
    {
      "Q": 46.4,
      "Qc_ml_s": 0.5,
      "ceiling_m": null
    },
    {
      "Q": 46.4,
      "Qc_ml_s": 1.0,
      "ceiling_m": null
    },
    {
      "Q": 46.4,
      "Qc_ml_s": 2.0,
      "ceiling_m": null
    },
    {
      "Q": 46.4,
      "Qc_ml_s": 4.0,
      "ceiling_m": 3694.641972442033
    }
  ],
  "A_avail_lines": {
    "real_fish": {
      "0": 0.0362459563363096,
      "1000": 0.035769101500848034,
      "2000": 0.035211484151470795,
      "3000": 0.03456011117534538,
      "5000": 0.03291788534737293
    },
    "tff": {
      "0": 1.3069147050922678,
      "1000": 1.2897208258391832,
      "2000": 1.269614905417223,
      "3000": 1.2461284532155126,
      "5000": 1.1869149767177354
    }
  },
  "parameters_vs_measured_ranges": [
    {
      "parameter": "cardiac output per kg",
      "tff": 2365.328806848686,
      "unit": "ml/min/kg",
      "measured_range_sourced": "fish: snapper maximum 65.6 ml/min/kg (physiology/cardiac.js, chain); no bat or insect cardiac output was fetched",
      "verdict": "36x the sourced fish maximum: no fish has it; no non-bird vertebrate value fetched to compare"
    },
    {
      "parameter": "aerobic capacity eta E Qc C_a",
      "tff": 1.3069147050922676,
      "unit": "W",
      "measured_range_sourced": "real fish 0.0357 W (Lean C14, chain numbers); bat P. nathusii mechanical flight power 0.046-0.140 W for 7.6 g (PMC10154928), i.e. about 0.36-1.1 W scaled linearly to 60 g (scaling assumed)",
      "verdict": "37x the real fish; at or above the top of a linear bat scaling"
    },
    {
      "parameter": "respiratory surface in air",
      "tff": 450.50489661918914,
      "unit": "ml O2/min/kg in air",
      "measured_range_sourced": "none fetched",
      "verdict": "no fish has an air-breathing surface of this capacity in the fetched sources; area not computable"
    },
    {
      "parameter": "wing loading",
      "tff": 12.0,
      "unit": "N/m2",
      "measured_range_sourced": "bats 6.5-14.25 (compilation); pterosaur hatchlings 15.8-17.9 (modelled)",
      "verdict": "inside the bat range"
    },
    {
      "parameter": "flight muscle fraction",
      "tff": 0.16,
      "unit": "-",
      "measured_range_sourced": "bats mean 0.0913, min 0.078 (PMC10966098); maximum not fetched",
      "verdict": "above the bat mean; no fish value exists"
    }
  ],
  "reading": [
    "The feasible region (A >= A_req) shrinks with altitude on both axes: rho falls so v_min and A_req rise for every wing loading, and PO2 falls so C_a and the achievable A fall for every cardiac output.",
    "Lower wing loading buys lower A_req (A_req ~ sqrt(W/S)), so bigger wings trade against O2 capacity along the boundary; the trade is a square root, so halving the required O2 capacity needs a quarter of the wing loading.",
    "The real fish (W/S 46.4 N/m2, A 0.0357 W) is below the boundary at every altitude by more than 30x; no wing enlargement alone reaches it at the fish's O2 capacity.",
    "The TFF point reaches its target only with a cardiac output no sourced fish has and an air-breathing surface no fetched source sizes; that is the finding."
  ]
}