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DELPHIlaws of biology
Text-to-organism

Describe an organism, get its blueprint. From ontologies, not imagination.

The team's stretch goal is "type a description, get a body plan down to cells plus a genome". This thread built the part that can be honest today: a tool that turns a description into a body › organ system › organ › tissue › cell tree where every node is a term in Uberon or the Cell Ontology, filtered by what those ontologies state about the taxon, with every query saved. Anything about genomes is labelled a sketch.

Worked blueprints

Pick a description. The tree is what the ontologies say for that taxon; click any node to open its official record. A badge on each organ says whether Uberon states the organ for an ancestor of the taxon or merely does not rule it out.

How the description was read

Counts for this blueprint

named in the descriptionstated Uberon places it in an ancestor taxonweak stated only for all animalsnone not excluded, not stated

The blueprint

Genome sketch

Marker gene products that the Cell Ontology records as expressed by cell types in this blueprint. Most cell types carry no such annotation, so this is a hint of where a genome link would start, not a genome.

Every query behind this blueprint

How it works, step by step

  1. Read the description. Taxon words are looked up in the team's species inventory (common and scientific names of the taxa Darwin and Thompson mention) and then in a small hand-written lexicon (). The most specific taxon wins, checked live against NCBI Taxonomy.
  2. Refuse the held-out clade. If the taxon is inside the clade frozen in holdout/exam.json, the tool refuses, writes nothing, and removes any cached query from the attempt, so no held-out organism leaves a trace in the folder.
  3. Filter by taxon. A structure is dropped when Uberon says it never occurs in a taxon that contains ours (on the term, a superclass, or a whole it is part of), or only occurs in an unrelated taxon. Non-vertebrates also lose Uberon's vertebrate-only terms. A structure that is not dropped is not thereby present: the badge says what the ontology actually states.
  4. Build the tree. Organ systems and organs come from Uberon's own core subsets, ranked major organs first and then by how many cell types the Cell Ontology records for them (a measure of curation, not importance). Tissues and cells are the ontology's part of statements. Structures named in the description are always kept.
  5. Store the evidence. Every SPARQL query, its row count and retrieval time sit in the output; every response is cached by hash so a clean checkout rebuilds the same file offline.

Blind predictions for the holdout exam

The holdout thread froze class Aves (all birds) as the exam before anything was built, provisionally until the team lead confirms. This thread did not open any bird trait table. Instead it emitted, for every roster species and every Uberon core term that carries a taxon constraint, a present-or-absent prediction derived only from the ontology. The holdout thread commits its scoring rule before reading the file, so neither side can tune to the other.

Smoke test of a hosted structure model: ESMFold

The recommendation on the main page was to call one hosted structure model on one real sequence and file the result against a claim with provenance. Two routes are wired. The BioNeMo NIM route (NVIDIA) needs a valid API key; the latest attempt and the server's answer are in the runs table. Its input is bovine serum albumin, the calcium-carrying protein behind Thompson's "albuminous solution" claim. The ESM Atlas route (Meta's public ESMFold service, no key) ran now on cytochrome c from cattle, tuna and yeast, the protein on which the molecular clock was first read, and the three predictions were superposed and filed against Kimura's substitution-rate claim.

Every record as a nanopublication, drafted

The standing order for this project is that each micro-discovery becomes a nanopublication with its evidence attached. This thread's output is a design rather than a measurement, so the records say so in their own terms: a blueprint is typed as a proposal whose evidence item is the ontology queries behind it, a predicted structure is typed as a model output, the comparison over three predictions is a derived claim, a documented refusal from a hosted service is a method observation, and another thread's scoring of the blind predictions stays a separate record attributed to that thread. Every number carries the file and the checksum it was read from, and every record states what it does not establish. Nothing is signed, nothing is published, and no person is named: there is no key on this machine, no ORCID appears in any draft, and the test registry, let alone production, is the key owner's decision. Drafting the records also turned up a defect in the shared tooling, which is itself filed as a record below.

What is here and what is not

Here, and checkable

  • A runnable tool whose every output node is an existing ontology identifier and whose every edge has the query that produced it.
  • Taxon filtering that uses the ontology's constraints and reports when a named structure conflicts with the taxon.
  • A holdout guard and a blind prediction file, produced without reading bird data.
  • A smoke-test script for hosted ESMFold services that records exactly what happened, including when nothing ran; three real predictions, superposed, filed against Kimura's clock claim.

Not here, on purpose

  • No genome design. The "genome sketch" is a list of marker gene products from the Cell Ontology, nothing more.
  • No language model in the loop. Description reading is word lists plus ontology lookups, so it is reproducible and sometimes misses phrasing. A model could parse better, at the cost of reproducibility.
  • No claim is tested. A predicted protein structure does not test a solubility claim; the attachment says so.
  • No nanopub was published. Attachments carry the provenance a nanopub would need and would go to the test registry first.
  • Nothing here is measured, and no function is predicted. A blueprint names the structures an ontology records for a taxon; it does not say what they do, how they develop, or how well they work. The team's enzyme route page is the measured counterpart at the smallest scale: four amino-acid positions with real assay values. Its authors state that organism and tissue predictions remain absent, and the span between their scale and this one is open, not bridged by either page.
  • The tool reads word lists, not English. A word no list knows means the blueprint says nothing about whatever that word named, so every blueprint now lists the words it could not read. This came from a real miss: “a flying-fish with enlarged pectoral fins” built a tree with no pectoral fin in it, because no entry matched the two-word phrase. The entry exists now, and so does the report, which is the part that generalises.
  • Uberon is incomplete for invertebrates. For taxa far from vertebrates the tree can include structures the organism lacks; the badge makes that visible instead of hiding it.
  • No measured bridge from molecule to organism. Every edge here is an ontology assertion, not a measurement. The closest measured step on this project is the collaborator's enzyme work at /evolve/: sequence to cell

Sources

WhatWhereStatus
Uberon, Cell Ontology, Gene Ontology, NCBI Taxonomy with inferred closuresUbergraph SPARQL endpointqueried live during the hack; each response cached with its retrieval time
Term labels for the lexiconsame endpoint; each lexicon identifier was resolved to a label before useverified
Species inventory used for common namesorganisms/merged/taxa.jsonread from the repo
Held-out clade and rosterholdout/exam.json, checksum in holdout/CHECKSUMS.jsonidentifiers only; checksum recomputed and compared
Bovine serum albumin recordUniProt P02769downloaded, SHA-256 recorded
ESMFold hosted endpoint and request formatbuild.nvidia.com model cardread today; response format not documented there, handled defensively
ESM Atlas fold API (Meta's public ESMFold service)esmatlas.com API page, endpoint api.esmatlas.com/foldSequence/v1/pdb/called today on three sequences; the returned PDB names "ESMFOLD V1" in its TITLE record
Cytochrome c records for cattle, tuna and yeastP62894, P81459, P00044downloaded, SHA-256 recorded; the molecular-clock history (Margoliash 1963, Zuckerkandl and Pauling 1965, Fitch and Margoliash 1967) is background knowledge, not re-verified this session
Holdout verdict on the prediction fileholdout/exam-results/organism-design/result.run2.jsonread from the repo at build time; linked, not copied
Claim text for thompson1917-ch09-06 and kimura-substitution-ratedocs/claims.jsonread from the repo